The Body of Liberties, the โ€œIpswich Connection,โ€ and the Origin of Written Constitutionalism in Massachusetts

The General Laws of the Massachusetts Colony

However benign John Winthropโ€™s intentions were, the system he tried to construct rested on the discretion, or will, of individual magistrates. However, he was defeated by the Ipswich Connectionโ€™s campaign for the โ€œskillโ€ or โ€œruleโ€ of written law; and if we still prize the ideal that government should operate based on laws, not men, we owe that partly to their promotion of the Body of Liberties.

“Vindidation of the Government of New England Churches,” by Rev. John Wise

John Wise House, Essex MA

""It is certainly a great truth, namely, that man's original liberty after it is resigned (yet under due restrictions) ought to be cherished in all wise governments; or otherwise, a man in making himself a subject, he alters himself from a freeman into a slave, which to do is repugnant to the law of nature. "

Ipswich Voters Unanimously Support the Massachusetts Circular Letter, February 11, 1768

Faneuil Hall

The voters of the Town of Ipswich resolved on August 11, 1768, that "Thanks be given to the worthy and much esteemed ninety-two gentlemen of the late Honorable House of Representatives for their firmness and steadiness in standing up for and adhering to the just rights and Liberties of the Subjects when it was required of them at the Peril of their political existence."

Ipswich “Ice Out for Good” rally, Saturday, January 10

ICE Out protest Ipswich MA, January 10, 2026

Over 400 Ipswich citizens and neighbors lined South Main Street for theย 47th consecutive Ipswich Rally for Democracy at noon on Saturday, January 10, joining a broad coalition of groups across the country calling for a coordinated ICE Out For Good Weekend to demand accountability, honor lives lost, and make visible the human cost of ICEโ€™s… Continue reading Ipswich “Ice Out for Good” rally, Saturday, January 10

Establishment of the Ipswich Mills as a Global Leader in Hosiery

An aerial sketch of the Ipswich Hosiery Mill

by Stephen Miles, 1/1/2026, Ipswich Historical Society Board Member 1986-1989; President 1989-92; Member Ipswich Historical Commission Richard Candee, Director of Preservation Studies at Boston University, presented a lecture on "The Industrial Heritage of the North Coast" on Sunday, February 9, 1986, at the Heard House (the Ipswich Museum), Main Street in Ipswich. This lecture was… Continue reading Establishment of the Ipswich Mills as a Global Leader in Hosiery

The Courtship and Marriage of William Durkee and Martha Cross

Amorous Peasants by Albrecht Durer

William Durkee, an indentured Irish Catholic, and Martha Cross, the daughter of Robert Cross of Chebacco parish were servants in the household of Thomas Bishop in Ipswich. When Martha became pregnant by William, they were both presented for fornication. The court ruled that they be punished and get married.