Evacuation Day, March 17, 1776

The above painting by Louis S. Glanzman is courtesy of the National Park Service. The siege of Boston by Patriot forces began on April 19, 1775, in the aftermath of the battles at Lexington and Concord. In June the British technically won the Battle of Bunker Hill, but suffered heavier casualties, with no effect on the Continental… Continue reading Evacuation Day, March 17, 1776

Salem City Council Passes Resolution Ensuring the Safety of its Immigrant Population.

In February 2026, the Salem, Massachusetts City Council adopted a resolution reaffirming the cityโ€™s responsibility to protect all Salem residents regardless of their immigration status. RESOLUTION: TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF OUR IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY WHEREAS, the City of Salem is a welcoming city with a longstanding commitment to being a culturally inclusive and safe community… Continue reading Salem City Council Passes Resolution Ensuring the Safety of its Immigrant Population.

Abraham Lincolnโ€™s Brush with Essex County

By David J. Kent Abraham Lincoln toured New England twice. He never made it to Ipswich, but he did have some brushes with Essex County that influenced his development as a politician and his rise to the presidency. The first trip was as a sitting congressman in 1848, during which he gave ten speeches in… Continue reading Abraham Lincolnโ€™s Brush with Essex County

The Hanging of Ezra Ross and Bathsheba Spooner, July 2, 1778

In 1778, sixteen-year-old Ezra Ross of Ipswichย was condemned to death for the murder of Joshua Spooner of Brookfield. Spooner's wife Bathsheba becameย the first woman executed in the newly-createdย United States of America. Ezra Ross is buried in an unmarked grave at the Leslie Road Cemetery.

To the Inhabitants of Ipswich from Thomas Jefferson, September 2, 1808

The Embargo Act of 1807 put New England ports at a standstill and its towns into a depression. The Ipswich Town Meeting petitioned the President to relieve "the people of this once prosperous country from their present embarrassed and distressed condition." The town found Jefferson's answer "Not Satisfactory."

Memorial to Crispus Attucks

The following is an excerpt from a presentation given on November 14, 1889, at the dedication of the Boston Massacre and Crispus Attucks Monument at Boston Common, which memorializes victims Crispus Attucks, Samuel Maverick, James Caldwell, Samuel Gray, and Patrick Carr. ADDRESS BY MR. JOHN FISKE The troubles and disorders in Boston, which led to… Continue reading Memorial to Crispus Attucks

The Constitutional Convention and Establishment of the Electoral College

Many of ourย founding fathers had littleย trust in the instinctsย of the common man. John Adams observed that "Pure democracy has also been viewed as a threat to individual rights," and warned against the โ€œtyranny of the majority.โ€ Alexander Hamilton, one of the three authors of the "Federalist Papers"ย defended theย system ofย electorsย by which we choose a President today.

The 1641 Massachusetts Body of Liberties

At the Massachusetts General Court, May 13, 1640, it was voted that the elders of the churches and other freemen of the Commonwealth gather their thoughts and counsels about a body of laws for the Colony and present them to the general court within eight months. Two schemes were proposed, but Governor Winthrop assigned the… Continue reading The 1641 Massachusetts Body of Liberties

The Body of Liberties, the โ€œIpswich Connection,โ€ and the Origin of Written Constitutionalism in Massachusetts

However benign John Winthropโ€™s intentions were, the system he tried to construct rested on the discretion, or will, of individual magistrates. However, he was defeated by the Ipswich Connectionโ€™s campaign for the โ€œskillโ€ or โ€œruleโ€ of written law; and if we still prize the ideal that government should operate based on laws, not men, we owe that partly to their promotion of the Body of Liberties.